Inqubo Yokukhiqiza Amaphepha

1. Cwecwa izinkuni. Kunezinto eziningi ezingavuthiwe, futhi izinkuni zisetshenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza lapha, ezingekhwalithi enhle. Izinkuni ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza iphepha zifakwa kwi-roller futhi amagxolo ayasuswa.

2. Ukusika. Faka izinkuni ezihlutshiwe ku-chipper.

3. Ukunika ngokhuni oluphukile. Yondla ama-chip izinkuni ungene ku-diget.

4. Bese usebenzisa inani elikhulu lamanzi ahlanzekile ukugeza ipulpiti, bese ususa izingcezu ezihlanganayo, amafindo, amatshe nesihlabathi epulpini ngokuhlola nokuhlanzwa.

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I-pulp yondliwe emshinini wamaphepha. Kulesi sinyathelo, ingxenye yomswakama izosuswa ku-pulp futhi izoba ibhande elimanzi, futhi imicu kuzo izocindezelwa ngobumnene ngokubambisana yi-roller.

6. Ukukhishwa komswakama. I-pulp ihambisa iribhoni, isusa amanzi, futhi iba yinqwaba.

7. ukusayina. I-roller enendawo ebushelelezi ingangenisa ubuso bephepha libe yindawo ebushelelezi.

8. Ukusika. Beka iphepha emshinini bese usika usayizi ojwayelekile.

Isimiso se-Papermaking:
Ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha kuhlukaniswe izinqubo ezimbili eziyisisekelo: ukuphahlazeka kanye nokuphambana. Ukuphambuka ukusebenzisa izindlela zemishini, izindlela zamakhemikhali, noma inhlanganisela yazo zombili izindlela ukuqeda izinto zezimpahla zezitshalo ze-fiber raw ku-pulp yemvelo noma i-bleached pulp. I-Papermaking yinqubo yokuhlanganisa imicu ye-pulp imiswe emanzini ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezahlukahlukene zibe amashidi ephepha ahlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukahlukene.

E-China, ukusungulwa kwephepha kubangelwa yi-Eunuch Cai Lun ye-Han Dynasty (cishe i-105 AD; Iphepha ngaleso sikhathi lenziwa kusuka ezimpandeni zakwa-bamboo, ama-rafs, i-hemp, njll. Ukwenziwa kanye nokusebenzisa iphepha kusakazeke kancane kancane enyakatho-ntshonalanga kanye nemisebenzi yezentengiso yomgwaqo kasilika. Ngo-793 ad, kwakhiwa i-Paper Mill Mill eBaghdad, ePheresiya. Ukusuka lapha, ukubhekana namazwe asatshalaliswa emazweni ase-Arab, okokuqala eDamaseku kwathi eGibhithe naseMorocco, kwathi ekugcineni ku-Exerovia eSpain. Ngo-1150 ad, amaMoors akhiwa okokuqala kwephepha laseYurophu. Kamuva, kwasungulwa amaphepha eHorantes, eFrance ngo-1189, eVabreano, e-Italy ngo-1260, futhi eJalimane ngo-1389. Ngemuva kwalokho, kwakukhona umthengisi waseLondon eNgilandi ogama lakhe linguJohn. "Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwenkosi UHenry II. Ngekhulu le-19, iphepha elenziwe ngama-rags nezitshalo lalithathwe ngokuyisisekelo ngephepha elenziwe ngePulp Plant.
Kungaziwa ngezinto ezingafuneki ukuthi iphepha lokuqala lenziwa nge-hemp. Inqubo yokukhiqiza icishe kanjena: Ukuhlala kabusha, okungukuthi, ukufaka i-hemp emanzini ukuze kuthathwe; Bese ucubungula i-hemp ibe yi-hemp strands; Bese ushaya imicu ye-hemp, eyaziwa nangokuthi ukushaya, ukuhlakaza imicu ye-hemp; Futhi ekugcineni, ukudoba amaphepha, okuwukuthi ukusakaza imicu ye-hemp ngokulinganayo ku-bamboo mat emanzini, bese uyikhipha bese uyikhipha ukuze ikhiphe bese iyomisa ukuba ibe yiphepha.

Le nqubo ifana kakhulu nendlela ye-flocculation, ekhombisa ukuthi inqubo yokuphamba kwamaphepha yazalwa ngaphandle kwendlela yokufakelwa. Vele, iphepha lokuqala lalinzima kakhulu. Ifayibha ye-hemp ayizange ifakwe kahle ngokwanele, futhi i-fiber isatshalaliswe ngokungafanele lapho yenziwa ephepheni. Ngakho-ke, kwakungelula ukubhala kuyo, futhi kwavele kusetshenziselwa izinto zokupakishwa.

Kepha bekungenxa yokubukeka kwayo ukuthi iphepha lokuqala lezwe labangela ukuguqulwa kwezinto zokubhala. Kulesi singuquko sezinto zokubhala, i-cai lan yashiya igama lakhe emlandweni nomnikelo wakhe omkhulu.