Kwenziwa kanjani i-fiberglass?

I-fiberglass ibhekisa eqenjini lemikhiqizo elenziwe kusuka kumibhalo yengilazi yomuntu ngamunye ihlanganiswe ngamafomu ahlukahlukene. Imicu yengilazi ingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu ngokwe-geometry yawo: imicu eqhubekayo esetshenziswa emazweni nakwizindwangu, nemicu emifushane (emfushane) esetshenziswe njengama-batts, izingubo zokulala. I-fiberglass ingakhiwa ibe yintambo efana noboya noma ukotini, futhi ifakwe kwindwangu kwesinye isikhathi esetshenziselwa ama-drater. Izindwangu ze-fiberglass zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezinto eziqinisiwe zamapulasitiki abunjiwe nawokuhlanza. Uboya be-fiberglass, impahla obukhulu, ethambile eyenziwe ngemicu yokunciphisa, isetshenziselwa ukufakwa okushisayo kanye nokutholwa okuzwakalayo. Kuvame ukutholakala emkhunjini kanye nama-bulkheads angaphansi komhlaba kanye nama-hulls; Izindawo ezinjini zezimoto kanye nama-liners wephaneli yomzimba; emathafeni namayunithi wokufaka umoya; udonga lwe-acoustical kanye namaphaneli ophahla; kanye nokwahlukaniswa kwezakhiwo. I-fiberglass ingalinganiswa ngezinhlelo ezithile ezifana ne-Type E (Electrical), esetshenziswa njengetheyipu kagesi yokufakelwa kukagesi, izindwangu nokuqiniswa; Uhlobo C (Chemical), olunokumelana nokuqina kwe-acid, nohlobo lwe-T, ukufakwa okushisayo.

Yize ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso kwe-fiber yengilazi kusanda kwenziwa, izingcweti kudale ama-Glass strands zokuhlobisa ama-goblets nama-vases ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa. Isazi semvelo saseFrance, uRene-Antoine Ferchaultur de Reumir, izindwangu ezikhiqizwe zihlotshiswe ngemicu yengilazi enhle ngo-1713, futhi abasunguli baseBrithani baphinda bathola indwangu yengilazi ngo-1842, kanti omunye umsunguli, u-Edward Libbey, wakhombisa a Gqoka ingilazi elukiwe kwi-1893 Columbian ExpoSition eChicago.

Uboya be-Glass, isisindo esibuthakathaka se-fiber engahleliwe ngobude obungahleliwe, bakhiqizwa okokuqala eYurophu ekuqaleni kwalelikhulu leminyaka, besebenzisa inqubo eyabandakanya ukudweba imicu evundlile kwisigubhu esivuselelayo esigubhini. Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa kamuva, kwaqalwa inqubo yokuphothama. I-Glass Fiber Foice Inkundla yakhiwa eJalimane ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Ilomhlaba I. Ucwaningo Nentuthuko okuhloswe ngayo ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zezimboni, ngaphansi kwenkampani ezinkulu ezimbili, inkampani ye-Owens-Illinois Isebenza. Lezi zinkampani zakha inhlawulo yengilazi enhle, ebiza kakhulu, ebiza kakhulu ngokudweba ingilazi ebilinjisiwe ngokusebenzisa izimemo ezinhle kakhulu. Ngo-1938, lezi zinkampani ezimbili ezihlanganiswe ukuze zakhe ama-owens-colning fiberglas Corp. manje sezikwaziwa ngokuthi okwelet-colning, sekuyinkampani engu- $ 3-a-unyaka, futhi ungumholi emakethe ye-fiberglass.

Ama-Raw material

Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyisisekelo zemikhiqizo ye-fiberglass ziyizinhlobonhlobo zamaminerali zemvelo namakhemikhali akhiqizwayo. Izithako ezinkulu ziyisihlabathi se-silica, i-limestone, ne-soda ash. Ezinye izithako zingafaka i-alumina ebekiwe, i-borax, i-feldspar, nefine syon, i-magnesite, noKaolin Clay, phakathi kwabanye. Isihlabathi se-silica sisetshenziswa njengengilazi yangaphambili, futhi i-soda ash kanye ne-limestone isiza ngokuyinhloko ukwehlisa izinga lokuncibilika. Ezinye izithako zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezithile, njenge-borax yokumelana kwamakhemikhali. Imfucuza ingilazi, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cullet, nayo isetshenziswa njengento eluhlaza. Izinto ezivuthiwe kufanele zisindwe ngokucophelela ngobuningi obuqondile futhi zixutshwe kahle ndawonye (okubizwa ngokuthi yi-batching) ngaphambi kokuncibilika engilazini.

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Ukukhiqiza
Enza ngendlela ethile

Ukuncibilika

Lapho i-batch isilungiselelwe, yanikezwa isithando somlilo sokuncibilika. Isithando somlilo singafuduswa ngogesi, uphethiloli wezinto ezinhle kakhulu, noma inhlanganisela yalaba bobabili. Ukushisa kufanele kulawulwe ngokunembile ukuze kugcinwe ingilazi ebushelelezi, eqinile. Ingilazi ebilisiwe kumele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (cishe ama-2500 ° C] [1371 ° C] kunezinye izinhlobo zengilazi ukuze yakhelwe ku-fiber. Lapho nje ingilazi iba inqimba, idluliselwa kwimishini eyenziwe ngesiteshi (sandelela) esisekupheleni kwesithando somlilo.

Kwakha imicu

Izinqubo ezahlukahlukene ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziselwa ukwakha imicu, ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-fiber. I-Textile Fibers ingakhiwa kusuka eglasini elibunjiwe ngqo kusuka esithandweni somlilo, noma ingilazi ebilisiwe ingahle idlwelwe kuqala emshinini owenza amamabula engilazi acishe abe ngu-0.62 inch (1.6 cm) ububanzi. Lezi zimabula zivumela ingilazi ukuthi ihlolwe ngokubonakalayo ukuze ingcoliswe. Kuzo zombili izinqubo eziqondile ze-Merble Melt kanye neMarble Melt, ingilazi noma izingilazi zezingilazi zondliwa ngama-bushings afudumele kagesi (abizwa nangokuthi ama-spinnerets). I-bushing yenziwa ngeplatinamu noma i-alloy yensimbi, nganoma iyiphi indawo kusuka kuma-oricifices angama-200 kuye kwangama-3,000. Ingilazi ebilisiwe idlula ezinhlafunweni futhi iphume njengezihlungi ezinhle.

Inqubo eqhubekayo yokulila

I-fiber ende, eqhubekayo ingakhiqizwa ngenqubo eqhubekayo yokulila. Ngemuva kokuthi ingilazi igeleze izimbobo ezise-bushing, imicu eminingi ibanjwe ngomoya osheshayo. UWinder ujikele cishe ngamakhilomitha ama-3 ngomzuzu, ngokushesha okukhulu kunesilinganiso sokugeleza kusuka ezihlahleni. Ukungezwani kudonsela ama-filaments ngenkathi kuncibilikisiwe, kwakha imichilo ingxenye yengxenye yobubanzi bokuvulwa kwe-bushing. Kusetshenziswe i-Chemic Binder, esiza ukugcina i-fiber ingaphuli phakathi nokucutshungulwa kwakamuva. I-filament ivele ilimaze amashubhu. Manje kungenzeka kusontekile futhi kuthathwe ku-yarn.

Inqubo yokulinganisa-fiber

Indlela ehlukile inqubo eyi-staplefiber. Njengoba ingilazi encibilikisiwe igeleza ngokusebenzisa ama-bushings, ama-jets omoya apholile ngokushesha ama-filaments. Ukuqhuma kweziyaluyalu komoya kubuye kwephule ama-filchents kubude obungu-8-15 inches (20- 38 cm). Lawa ma-filaments awela ngokufafaza kwe-lubricant esigungwini esiguqukayo, lapho akha khona iwebhu emcishani. Iwebhu idonswa esigubhu futhi yadonswa emcudweni oqhubekayo wemicu ehlanganiswe kahle. Le strand ingacutshungulwa ibe yi-yarn ngezinqubo ezifanayo ezisetshenziselwa uvolo nokotini.

I-fiber ekhethiwe

Esikhundleni sokudalwa ku-yarn, i-strand eqhubekayo noma ende ende ingaququlwa ngobude obufushane. I-strand ifakwe kusethi yama-bobbins, ibizwa nge-creel, yadonswa emshinini ogobhozayo ibe yizicucu ezimfushane. I-fiber eqoshiwe yakhiwa emakethe lapho i-tinder ingezwe khona. Ngemuva kokuphulukisa kuhhavini, umake ugobile. Izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene nobukhulu zinikeza imikhiqizo yama-shingles, uphahla ophahleni owakhelwayo, noma amaketa ahlobisa.

Uvolo wengilazi

Inqubo ejikelezayo noma ye-spinner isetshenziselwa ukwenza uboya bengilazi. Kule nqubo, ingilazi ebilinjisiwe kusuka esithandweni somlilo igeleza esitsheni se-cylindrical esinezimbobo ezincane. Njengoba isitsha sikhala ngokushesha, imifudlana evundlile yengilazi iphuma izimbobo. Imifudlana yengilazi ebilinayo iguqulwa ibe yimicu ngokuqhuma kwezulu komoya, igesi eshisayo, noma yomibili. Imicu iwela ibhande lokuhambisa, lapho bahlangana khona nomunye ngesisindo esibalekayo. Lokhu kungasetshenziselwa ukufakwa, noma uboya bungafafazwa nge-binder, elicindezelwe obukhulu obufunayo, bese welapha kuhhavini. Ukushisa kusetha i-binder, futhi umkhiqizo ongenzeka kungaba yibhodi eqinile noma eqinile, noma i-battle eguquguqukayo.

Ukumboza izimbotshana

Ngaphezu kwama-Binders, ezinye izimbotshana ziyadingeka kwimikhiqizo ye-fiberglass. Kusetshenziselwa ukugcotshwa kokunciphisa i-fiber abrasion futhi kufafazwe ngokuqondile ku-fiber noma kungezwe kwi-binder. Ukwakheka kwe-anti-stratic nakho kwesinye isikhathi kufafazwa ngaphakathi kwamanzi we-fiberglass insulation mats ngesikhathi sokupholisa. Umoya opholile odonswa yi-mat ubangela ukuba umenzeli we-anti-static uyongena kuwo wonke ubukhulu be-mat. I-ejenti ye-anti-static iqukethe izithako ezimbili - ezibonakalayo ezinciphisa isizukulwane sikagesi esitelekeni, kanye nento esebenza njenge-inhibitor ye-corrolusion kanye ne-stabilizer.ses noma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa okusetshenziselwe ukufakwa kwendwangu ekusebenzeni okwakhayo, futhi kungaqukatha eyodwa noma Izakhi eziningi (ama-lubricants, ama-binders, noma ama-coupling agents). Kusetshenziswa ama-coupling agents emicudweni ezosetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amapulasitiki, ukuqinisa isibopho kuya kokuqiniswa kwezinto eziqinisiwe.Sometimes umsebenzi wokuqeda kuyadingeka ukususa lezi zimbozo, noma ukufaka enye imali. Ngokuqiniswa kwepulasitiki, izinhlaka zingasuswa ngokushisa noma ngamakhemikhali kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganisiwe esetshenzisiwe. Ukuze kusetshenziswe izicelo zokuhlobisa, izindwangu kufanele zibe ukushisa ziphathwe ukuze zisuse izinkulumo futhi zibeke i-weave. I-Dye Base Coatings bese ifakwa ngaphambi kokufa noma ukuphrinta.

Kwakha bobunjwa

Imikhiqizo ye-fiberglass iza ngezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene zobunjwa, zenziwe zisebenzisa izinqubo eziningana. Isibonelo, ukufakwa kwamapayipi we-fiberglass kulinyazwa amafomu afana ne-rod abizwa ngokuthi ama-mandrels ngqo kusuka kumayunithi akha, ngaphambi kokuphulukisa. Amafomu wokubumba, ubude bamamitha ayi-3 noma ngaphansi, bese welashwa kuhhavini. Ubude obuyelashwe bese kubanjwe de-bundise ngobude, futhi bube busebukhulu obucacisiwe. I-Facings isetshenziswa uma kudingeka, futhi umkhiqizo ugcwele ukuthunyelwa.

Ikhwalithi yokulawula

Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kokufakwa kwe-fiberglass, impahla yehlulwa ezindaweni eziningi kwinqubo yokugcina ikhwalithi. Lezi zindawo zifaka phakathi: I-batch exubile inikezwa umkhuba kagesi; ingilazi ebilika phansi kusuka esihlahleni esidla i-fiberter; i-fiber fiber ephuma emshinini we-fiberser; kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina owelashwa ovela ekugcineni komugqa wokukhiqiza. Ingilazi yenqwaba kanye namasampula we-fiber ahlaziywa ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nokuba khona kwamaphutha asebenzisa ukuhlaziya amakhemithi nama-microscopes. Ukusatshalaliswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana kwezinto ze-batch kutholakala ngokudlula impahla ngenani lamanye amabanga ahlukene asayizi asayizi. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ulinganiswa ngobukhulu ngemuva kokupakisha ngokuya ngokucaciswa. Ukushintshwa kobukhulu obukhulu kukhombisa ukuthi ikhwalithi yengilazi ingaphansi kweZinga.

Abakhiqizi be-Fiberglass Insuration baphinde basebenzise izinqubo zokuhlola ezihleliwe zokulinganisa, balungiselele, futhi bandise ukumelana nomsebenzi wokuvuselelwa komkhiqizo, ukumuncwa komsindo okuzwakalayo, kanye nokusebenza kwesithiyo somsindo. Izakhiwo ze-acoustical zingalawulwa ngokushintsha okuguquguqukayo okunjalo kokukhiqiza njengoba ububanzi be-fiber, ubuningi obuningi, ubukhulu, nokuqukethwe kwe-binter. Indlela efanayo isetshenziselwa ukulawula izakhiwo ezishisayo.

Ikusasa

Imboni ye-fiberglass ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ngaphezu kwamanye ama-1990s nangale kwalokho. Inani labakhiqizi be-fiberglass inflation likhuphuke ngenxa yezinkampani zaseMelika zezinkampani zakwamanye amazwe kanye nentuthuko ekukhiqizeni abakhiqizi baseMelika. Lokhu kuholele ekuthathweni ngokweqile, okuthi imakethe yamanje futhi mhlawumbe yesikhathi esizayo ayikwazi ukuhlalisa.

Ngaphezu kwamandla amaningi ngokweqile, ezinye izinto zokufakwa kuzoncintisana. I-Rock Wool isisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yenqubo yakamuva kanye nokuthuthuka komkhiqizo. Ukufakwa kwe-Foam kungenye indlela ehlukile ku-fiberglass ezindongeni zokuhlala nophahla lwezentengiselwano. Okunye ukuncintisana kwe-cellulose, okusetshenziselwa ukufakwa kwe-attic.

Ngenxa yesidingo esiphansi sokufakelwa ngenxa yemakethe ethambile yezindlu, abathengi bafuna amanani aphansi. Lesi sidingo futhi singumphumela wokuqhubeka komkhuba wokuhlanganiswa kwabathengisi kanye nosonkontileka. Ephendula, imboni yokufakwa kwe-fiberglass insulation kuzodingeka ukuthi iqhubeke nokunciphisa izindleko ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu: amandla nemvelo. IMISEBENZI EYENZIWE NGEMPELA KUFANELE KUFANELE KUSETYENZISWE KUKHONA OKUFANELE KWENZIWE KUPHELA KWAMANDLA.

Ngokugcwaliswa komhlaba okufinyelela kumandla aphezulu, abakhiqizi be-fiberglass kuzodingeka bafeze okucishe kube yi-zero okukhishwe kudoti oqinile ngaphandle kokukhula kwezindleko. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuthuthukisa izinqubo zokukhiqiza ukunciphisa imfucuza (yemfucuza ewuketshezi negesi kanye) nokusebenzisa kabusha imfucuza lapho kungenzeka khona.

Ukungcola okunjalo kungadinga ukuphindisela futhi kufezeke ngaphambi kokusebenzisa kabusha njengento eluhlaza. Abakhiqizi abaningana sebevele bekhuluma ngalezi zinkinga.


Isikhathi Sokuthumela: Jun-11-2021