Yenziwa njani i-fiberg?

I-fiberglass ibhekisa kwiqela leemveliso ezenziwe kwiintsinga zeglasi ezihlanganisiweyo ezihlanganisiweyo kwiifom ezahlukeneyo. Iintsinga zeglasi zinokwahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini amakhulu ngokweendlela zabo zeJometri: Iintsinga eziqhubekayo ezisetyenziswa kwiintambo kunye nezixhobo, kunye ne-biblective (emfutshane) ye-BHOBS, okanye iiplanga zokufakelwa kunye nokufakelwa. I-fiberglass inokubekwa ukuba ibe ngumtya onjengoboya okanye i-cotton, kwaye ilukiwe kwilaphu elisetyenziswa ngamanye amaxesha. I-finberglass isetyenziswa rhoqo njengezinto zokuqiniswa kwe-wistics yexutywe nezeminye. I-fibebberglass yoboya, i-fick, i-sluffy eyenziwe ngeentsinga zekhitshi, isetyenziselwa ukufudumala kunye nokufakwa kwengqondo. Ihlala ifumaneka kwinqanawa kunye ne-bulkheads yamanzi kunye neenduli; Iicawa ze-Injini ze-Injini kunye neepaneli zomzimba; kwiziko kunye neiyunithi zomoya; udonga lodonga kunye neephaneli zophahla; kunye nezixhobo zoyilo. I-fiberglass inokulungelelaniswa kwizicelo ezithile ezinje ngohlobo lwe (yombane), isetyenziswe njenge-tepe ye-insholente yombane, i-stats kunye nokuqiniswa; Chwetheza C

Nangona ukusetyenziswa kwezentengiso ze-fiber yeglasi kukutshanje, amagcisa adale imitya yeglasi yokuhombisa kunye neevases ngexesha lokuphindaphinda. Ugqirha waseFransi, uVell-Atoine Ferchaul, eveliswe iilebhu ezihonjiswe ngemichiza yeglasi ye-1713, kunye ne-British Slish Slicking Yenza ilaphu leglasi ngo-1842. Isinxibo esilukiweyo seglasi kwi-1893 ye-lelbumbian ye-1893 ye-columbian kwi-chicago.

Iglasi yoboya, ubunzima befibutha yefibrent ye-fiber engaqhelekanga, waqala waveliswa eYurophu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane, usebenzisa inkqubo ebandakanya ukuzoba i-rods ngokuthe tyaba kwiDrum eqhubekayo. Iminyaka emininzi kamva, inkqubo yokujikeleza yaphuhliswa kwaye inamalungelo awodwa. I-Gerber fiber ye-fiber ye-fiber yenziwa eJamani ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Imisebenzi. Ezi nkampani ziphuhlise i-fiber elungileyo, i-piber ye-biber ye-fiber ngeglasi yokuzoba iglasi etyhutyhayo ngeentloko ezintle kakhulu. Ngo-1938, ezi nkampani zimbini zidityaniswe ukuba zenze i-Owens-conning fingersfing fingersfining corp. Ngoku yaziwa njenge-Owewens-cornen, iyoyisiza kwiNkampani yeMinyaka engama-3-bhiliyoni yeminyaka emi-3 yeminyaka, kwaye iyinkokeli kwimarike ye-fiberglass.

Iimpahla ezingekasilwa

Izinto eziluhlaza eziluhlaza zemveliso ye-fiberglass ziziiminerals zendalo kunye neekhemikhali ezenziweyo. Izithako eziphambili ze-silica isanti, i-limestone, kunye nesoda yeash. Ezinye izithako zinokubandakanya i-Alumina, i-borax, eTeldspaar, i-feldeli, i-fanneite, magnesis, kunye ne-kaolin Clay, phakathi kwezinye. Isanti ye-silica isanti isetyenziswa njengeglasi yangaphambili, kunye ne-soda ash kunye nelitye lokunceda ukunciphisa ubushushu bokunyibilika. Ezinye izithako zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula iipropathi ezithile, ezinjenge-borax yokuphika kwamachiza. Inkunkuma, ibizwa ngokuba yi-cullet, ikwasetyenziswa njengezinto eziluhlaza. Izinto ezingafunekiyo kufuneka zilinganiswe ngononophelo malunga nobungakanani obufanelekileyo kwaye zidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo kunye (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-batch) ngaphambi kokuba zinyibilike kwiglasi.

Ukuvelisa
Inkqubo

Ukunyibilika

Nje ukuba i-batch ilungisiwe, yondliwe kwisitifiketi sokunyibilika. Iziko linokufudushulwa ngumbane, ipetroli ipetroli, okanye indibaniselwano yezi zinto zimbini. Iqondo lokushisa kufuneka lilawulwe ngokuchanekileyo ukugcina ukuhamba kweglasi egudileyo, eqinileyo. Iglasi ye-molten kufuneka igcinwe kubushushu obuphezulu (malunga ne-2500 ° F [1371 ° C]) kunezinye iintlobo zeglasi ukuze zisekwe kwifayibha. Nje ukuba iglasi ibathuke, idluliselwe kwizixhobo zokwakha nge-channel (ifilotherhsh) ekupheleni kwetiya.

Ukwenza ii-fibers

Iinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iintsinga, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwefayibha. Iimbaleki ze-imeyile zingasekwa kwiglasi ye-molten ngqo kwiziko, okanye iglasi ye-molten inokutyiswa kuqala kumatshini oquka i-0.62 intshi (i-1.6 cm) ubukhulu. Ezi marble zivumela iglasi ukuba ihlolwe ngamehlo. Kuzo zombini iindlela zokunyibilika ngokuthe ngqo kunye ne-marble ye-marble, iglasi okanye iimabhu zeglasi zityiwe nge-bushings eshushu ngombane (ekwabizwa ngokuba yiSpinnerets). I-bushing yenziwa ngeplatinam okanye i-Alloy yentsimbi, naphi na ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kuma-3,000 eentloko ezihle kakhulu. Iglasi ye-molten idlula kwii-ofisi ze-orifres kwaye iphuma njengeefilim ezintle.

Inkqubo yokuqhubela phambili

Ifayibha ende, eqhubekayo inokuveliswa ngenkqubo yokuqhuba. Emva kokuba iglasi ihamba ngemingxunya kwibhasi, imitya emininzi ibanjiwe kwi-vele ehamba ngesantya esiphezulu. I-windows ijikeleza malunga neekhilomitha ezi-3, ngokukhawuleza kunenqanaba lokuhamba ukusuka kwi-bushings. Ingqumbo ikhupha iifilim ngelixa isanyibilika, ukwenza imitya iqhekeza lobubanzi bezinto ezivulekileyo kwityhubhu. Isibizi sekhemikhali siyasetyenziswa, esincedayo ukugcina ifayibha yokuqhekeza ngexesha lokuqhubekeka kamva. Ifilim ke inxeba litshone kwiitywina. Ngoku inokujijiswa kwaye ilungiselelwe yiyarn.

Inkqubo ye-Staber-fiber

Enye indlela yinkqubo ye-stapplefiber. Njengoko iglasi ye-molten ihambahamba kwimingxunya, iijezi zomoya ziphola ngokukhawuleza iifilim. I-Portlered Soul ikwaphula i-filans ibe yimide ye-intshi ezingama-8-5 cm). Ezi filide ziwela kwisitshizi se-oyile kwiDrum eguqukayo, apho benza iwebhu encinci. IWebhu itsalwa ukusuka kwidrum kwaye ikhutshelwe kwindawo eqhubekayo yeentsinga ezihlanganisiweyo. Le ntstend inokuqhubekiswa kwintambo ngeenkqubo ezifanayo ezisetyenziselwa uboya kunye nekotoni.

Ifayibha ekhethiweyo

Endaweni yokuba yenziwe ibe yiyorn, indawo eqhubekayo okanye ye-stapple inokutsalwa kubude obufutshane. I-Strand ifakwe kwiseti ye-bobbins, ebizwa ngokuba yi-coreel, kwaye yatsalela umatshini onqumalayo ngamaqhekeza amafutshane. Ifayibha echetyiweyo yenziwa yaba yi-mats apho kongezwa khona i-binder. Emva kokuphiliswa kwi-oveni, i-mat iqengqele. Imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo kunye nobunzima bunika iimveliso ze-shingles, indawo yokuphumla eyakhiwe, okanye i-mat.

Uboya beglasi

Inkqubo yokujikeleza okanye i-spinner isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-glasi yoboya. Kule nkqubo, iglasi etyhidiweyo kwi-woocess ihamba kwisitya se-cylindrical enemingxunya emincinci. Njengoko isikhongozeli sikhuphela ngokukhawuleza, imijelo ethe tyaba yokuhamba kweglasi ngaphandle kwemingxunya. Imilambo yeglasi etyhidiweyo iguqulwa ibe yi-fibers ngokwenza umoya ongezantsi, irhasi eshushu, okanye zombini. Iintsinga ziwela kwibhanti ye-conloor, apho bangene khona kwindawo efubayo. Oku kunokusetyenziselwa ukufakelwa, okanye uboya bunokutshizwa ngomthimbi, ucinezelwe ubungqingqwa obufundekayo, kwaye waphiliswa kwi-oveni. Ubushushu bubeka i-binder, kwaye imveliso yesiphumo inokuba yibhodi engqongqo okanye ye-semi-rigid eqinileyo, okanye i-babet eguquguqukayo.

I-ProATESS

Ukongeza kwi-Binders, ezinye iingubo ziyafuneka kwiimveliso ze-fiberglass. I-Lubristants isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa i-fiber i-abrasion kwaye itshiswe ngokuthe ngqo kwifayibha okanye yongezwa kwi-binder. Ubume be-anti-static kuya ngamanye amaxesha butshizwe kumphezulu we-fiberglass i-sclovents ngexesha lokupholisa. Ukupholisa umoya okutyholwa kwi-mat kubangela ukuba i-arhente ye-anti-stairic ingene ngokupheleleyo kububutyebi be-mat. I-Arroment Anti-Stateic iqulathe izithako ezibini - umbandela onciphisa isizukulwana sombane oqingqiweyo, kunye nomxholo osebenza njengendawo yokugcina i-corrosion kunye ne-stabilive.St ifake i-fibers esetyenziswayo, kwaye inokuqulatha enye okanye Izinto ezininzi (ioyile, ii-binds, okanye iiarhente zokudibanisa). Iiarhente zokudibanisa zisetyenziswa kwimigca eya kusetyenziselwa ukomeleza iiplasitiki, ukomeleza i-Bond kwizinto eziqinisekisiweyo. Ukuqiniswa kweplastiki, ukuntywila kunokususwa ngobushushu okanye iikhemikhali kunye ne-arhente yokudibanisa. Ngeenkqubo zokuhombisa, iindwangu kufuneka zibe nobushushu ukuba zisuse ukungcungcutheka kunye nokuseta isilumkiso. I-DYE isiseko se-DEYE sisetyenziswa emva koko sisetyenziswa ngaphambi kokufa okanye siprintwe.

Ukwenza imilo

Iimveliso zeFipberglass zingena kwiimilonda ezahlukeneyo, zenziwe zisebenzisa iinkqubo ezininzi. Umzekelo, i-fipberglass ye-fiperberg inxeba kwiifom ezifana ne-rod-njenge-rod kunye ne-mandrels ngqo kwiiyunithi zokuseka, ngaphambi kokunyanga. Iifom zokubumba, ubude beemitha ezingama-91 okanye ngaphantsi, ziphilisiwe kwi-oveni. Ubude obuphiliso buyi-de-babude bububuyile, kwaye sandulela kubungakanani obuchaziweyo. Iimbonakalo zisetyenziswa ukuba ziyafuneka, kwaye imveliso ifakwe ukuthunyelwa.

Ulawulo lwemeko

Ngexesha lokuveliswa kokufakwa kwe-fiberglass, izixhobo zenziwa ngesampulu kwiindawo ezininzi kwinkqubo ukugcina umgangatho. Ezi ndawo zibandakanya: i-batch exubeneyo etyhutywe kwindawo yombane; Iglasi etyhidiweyo kwityhubhu etya i-fibeizer; I-fiber yeglasi iphuma kumatshini we-bibezer; kwaye ukugqitywa kwemveliso enyangelweyo evela ekupheleni komgca wemveliso. Iisampulu ze-bulk kunye ne-fiber ziyahlalutywa ngokwakhiwa kweekhemikhali kunye nobukho bamacala eempazamo besebenzisa i-bahlalutyo lweekhemikhali kunye nemicrossopu. Ubungakanani bentsumpa yokusasazwa kwezinto ze-batch zifunyanwe ngokudlulisela umbandela ngenani lezikhuselo ezahlukeneyo. Imveliso yokugqibela ilinganiswa ngenxa yobunzima emva kokupakishwa ngokweenkcukacha. Utshintsho kubuncinane lubonisa ukuba umgangatho weglasi ungaphantsi komgangatho.

Abavelisi be-fiberglass inshombent basebenzisa iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo zokulinganisa, zilungelelanise, kwaye zisebenzise imveliso yemveliso ye-acousting, i-action yesandi, kunye nokusebenza kwesandiso. Iipropathi ze-Acoustical zinokulawulwa ngokuhlengahlengisa ezo zinto ziguquguqukayo njenge-fiber ububanzi, ubunzima obukhulu, ubukhulu, kunye nomxholo we-binder. Indlela efanayo isetyenziselwa ukulawula iipropathi ze-thermal.

Ngelixa elizayo

Ishishini le-fiberglass lijongene nemiceli mngeni emikhulu kwi-1990s nangaphaya. Inani labavelisi bokuguqulelwa kwe-fiberglass linyuke ngenxa yenkxaso-mali yaseMelika kwiinkampani zangaphandle kunye nophuculo kwimveliso ngabavelisi base-US. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni kungaphezulu kwemarike, mhlawumbi imakethi yexesha elizayo ayinakukwazi ukuyifumana.

Ukongeza komthamo ogqithisileyo, ezinye izinto zokufakwa ziya kukhuphisana. I-Rock Wool isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngenxa yenkqubo yamva nje kunye nokuphuculwa kwemveliso. I-Foram i-inzuzo yenye indlela ye-fiberglass kwindonga yokuhlala kunye nophahla lwentengiso. Enye into ekhuphisayo yiselleulose, esetyenziselwa ukufudumala.

Ngenxa yemfuno ephantsi yokufakelwa ngenxa yentengiso yezindlu ezithambileyo, abathengi bafuna amaxabiso asezantsi. Le mfuno ikwasisiphumo sokuqhubeka kokudityaniswa kwabathengisi kunye neekontraki. Ukuphendula, ishishini lokufakelwa kwe-fiberglass kuya kufuneka iqhubeke nokusika iindleko kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili: Amandla kunye nendawo esingqongileyo. Iziqithi ezifanelekileyo ngakumbi kuya kufuneka zisetyenziselwe ukungaxhomekeki kumthombo omnye wamandla.

Ngomhlaba wokufikelela emhlabeni ukufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu, abavelisi be-fiberglass kuya kufuneka baphumeze iziphumo zenkunkuma eqinileyo ngaphandle kokunyusa iindleko. Oku kuyakufuna ukuphuculwa kweenkqubo zokwenza imveliso ukunciphisa inkunkuma (yenkunkuma yolwelo kunye negesi) kunye nokungenisa inkunkuma naphina apho kunokwenzeka.

Inkcitho enjalo inokufuna ukukhohla nokukhumbula ngaphambi kokuba isebenze njengento engafunekiyo. Abavelisi abaliqela sele belungisa le micimbi.