1. Pera huni. Kune zvakawanda zvekushandisa, uye huni inoshandiswa seyakagadzirwa pano, iyo yemhando yakanaka. Iyo huni inoshandiswa kugadzira mapepa inoiswa mu roller uye bark inobviswa.
2. Kucheka. Isai huni yakasvuurwa muchippa.
3. Kupisa nehuni yakaputsika. Dyisa machipisi ehuni mugayo.
4. Zvadaro shandisa mvura yakawanda yakachena kugezesa pulp, uye bvisa zvidimbu zvakakasharara, mapfundo, matombo nejecha munyama kuburikidza nekuongorora nekunatsa.
5. Maererano nezvinodiwa zvemhando yepepa, shandisa bleach kuti usvibise pulp kune kuchena kunodiwa, uye zvino shandisa midziyo yekurova kurova.
Iyo pulp inodyiswa mumushini wepepa. Munhanho iyi, chikamu chehunyoro chichabviswa kubva muhutu uye chichava bhanhire remvura rakanyorova, uye mafiibhi arimo achamanikidzwa zvinyoronyoro pamwe chete ne roller.
6. Unyoro extrusion. Iyo pulp inofamba ichitevedza ribhoni, inobvisa mvura, uye inova yakaoma.
7. Kuaina. Roller ine nzvimbo yakatsetseka inogona kuaina pamusoro pepepa kuita nzvimbo yakatsetseka.
8. Kucheka. Isa bepa mumushini uye ucheke kusvika pakukura.
Papermaking principle:
Kugadzirwa kwepepa kwakakamurwa kuita maviri ekutanga maitiro: pulping uye papermaking. Kupuruzira kushandisa nzira dzemuchina, nzira dzemakemikari, kana musanganiswa wenzira mbiri idzi kusanganisa chirimwa faibha mbishi zvinhu munyama yechisikigo kana kuti bleached pulp. Papermaking inzira yekubatanidza pulp fibers dzakaturikwa mumvura kuburikidza nemaitiro akasiyana-siyana kuita mapepa mapepa anosangana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana.
KuChina, kugadzirwa kwebepa kunonzi kune ngomwa Cai Lun weHan Dynasty (anenge 105 AD; chinyorwa cheChinese chinyorwa chemupepeti: tsvakurudzo yezvakaitika kare inoratidza kuti nguva ino inofanira kusundidzirwa mberi). Pepa panguva iyoyo raigadzirwa kubva kumidzi yemushenjere, mamvemve, hemp, nezvimwewo. Nzira yekugadzira yaisanganisira kurova, kubika, kusefa, uye kuparadzira zvakasara kuti zviome muzuva. Kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa kwepepa zvishoma nezvishoma kwakapararira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero pamwe chete nemabasa ekutengesa eSirika Road. Muna 793 AD, chigayo chepepa chakavakwa muBaghdad, Persia. Kubva pano, kugadzira mapepa kwakapararira kunyika dzechiArab, kutanga kuDhamasiko, tevere kuEgypt neMorocco, uye pakupedzisira kuExerovia muSpain. Muna 1150 AD, maMoor akavaka chigayo chekutanga chepepa muEurope. Gare gare, zvigayo zvepepa zvakatangwa muHorantes, France muna 1189, muVabreano, Italy muna 1260, uye muGermany muna 1389. Pashure paikoko, kwakanga kune mutengesi weLondon muEngland ainzi John Tent uyo akatanga kugadzira mapepa muna 1498 mukati mokutonga kwaMambo. Henry II. Muzana ramakore rechi 19, bepa rakagadzirwa kubva mumamvemve nemiti rakatsiviwa nebepa rakagadzirwa kubva muchirimwa.
Zvinogona kuzivikanwa kubva pazvinhu zvakafukunurwa kuti bepa rekutanga rakagadzirwa nehemp. Nzira yekugadzira inenge seiyi inotevera: retting, kureva, kunyura hemp mumvura kuti degumm it; wozogadzirisa hemp kuita hemp tambo; wobva warova tambo dzehemp, dzinozivikanwawo sekurova, kuparadzira shinda dzehemp; uye pakupedzisira, hove yemapepa, inova ndiko kuparadzira shinda dzehemp zvakaenzanirana pameti yemushenjere yakanyikwa mumvura, wozoitora woiomesa kuti ive pepa.
Iyi nzira yakafanana chaizvo neiyo flocculation nzira, zvichiratidza kuti iyo papermaking process yakazvarwa kunze kweiyo flocculation nzira. Zvechokwadi, mapepa ekutanga akanga achiri akaoma zvikuru. Iyo faibha yehemp haina kupfurwa zvakaringana, uye faibha yacho yakagovaniswa zvisina kuenzana payakagadzirwa kuita bepa. Naizvozvo, zvaive zvisiri nyore kunyora pazviri, uye zvainyanya kushandiswa pakurongedza zvinhu.
Asi kwakanga kuri chaizvoizvo nemhaka yechitarisiko charo kuti bepa rapakuvamba zvikurusa munyika rakaparira chinjo muzvinyorwa zvokunyora. Mushanduko iyi yezvinyorwa zvekunyora, Cai Lun akasiya zita rake munhoroondo nebasa rake rakakosha.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-13-2023