Fiberglass amatanthauza gulu la zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wagalasi limodzi kuphatikiza mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mafuta agalasi amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri akulu malinga ndi ma geometry awo: ulusi wopitilira muyeso womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ma batirs, zofunda (zofunda) zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chimbudzi. Firberglass imatha kupangidwa mu ulusi wochuluka ngati ubweya kapena thonje, ndikuwumbidwa ndi nsalu yomwe nthawi zina imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa oundara. Zojambula za BEBRGLASS zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zothandizira pa pulasitiki zopangidwa ndi zowoneka bwino. Zingwe zamkumba, zinthu zokutira, zofatsa zopangidwa ndi ulusi wolocha, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisalira komanso kuyamwa mawu. Amapezeka kawirikawiri m'ngalawa ndi kupezeka pagombe lambiri; Makina a injini za injini ndi zotsalazo za thupi; m'magulu ndi zowongolera mpweya; khoma la khoma ndi mapanelo a denga; ndi magawo omangamanga. Firberglass imatha kukhala yolumikizidwa pamapulogalamu ena monga mtundu wa e (magetsi), omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tepi yamagetsi, kapangidwe ndi kulimbikitsidwa; Lembani C (mankhwala), omwe ali ndi zolimbana ndi acid, ndikulemba t, chifukwa chotchinga.
Ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa kalasi yagalasi yagalasi ili ndiposachedwa, amisiri opangidwa ndi galasi pokongoletsa zokongoletsera ndi mipata panthawi ya Renaissance. Katswiri wa Katswiri wa French, Rene-Antoine Frucuwar de Reaumur, Zopangidwa Zokongoletsedwa Ndigalasi Labwino Mu 1742. Wa Silk Weaver Officated A Valani magalasi otchulidwa pa 1893 ku Clumbian ku Chicago.
Glasi yagalasi, ufa wambiri wa fiber yotalika, idapangidwa koyamba ku Europe kumapeto kwa zaka za zana lino, kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe idaphatikizira kujambula ulusi kuchokera kumayendedwe ozungulira molunjika ku Druves. Zaka makumi angapo pambuyo pake, njira yoluka idapangidwa ndikuwonetsedwa. Zinyalala zagalasi zopangidwa ku Germany pa Nkhondo Yadziko I Ntchito. Makampaniwa adapanga chitsamba chagalasi chabwino, chotsika kwambiri pojambula galasi loyera kwambiri. Mu 1938, makampani awiriwa omwe amaphatikizidwa kuti apange eni atsenga a whirglasy Corp. Tsopano amangodziwika kuti Odwala, akhala kampani ya zaka 3-3 biliyoni, ndipo ndi mtsogoleri wa msika wa fiberglass.
Zida zogwiritsira ntchito
Zopangira zoyambira za fiberglass zimapanga mchere wachilengedwe ndikupanga mankhwala. Zosakaniza zazikulu ndi mchenga, miyala yamchenga, ndi phulusa la koloko. Zosakaniza zina zimatha kuphatikizapo kuwerengera alumuna, Borax, Fedlespar, neadeline sydeni, magnesite, ndi ka dongo, pakati pa ena. Mchenga wa silika umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi choyambirira, ndi phulusa la soda ndi miyala yamchenga zimathandizira makamaka kuti achepetse kutentha. Zosakaniza zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza zinthu zina, monga Borax pokana za mankhwala. Zigalasi zotayira, zotchedwa Chullet, zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zosaphika. Zipangizo zopangira ziyenera kukhazikika mosamala kwenikweni komanso kusakaniza pamodzi ndikusakanikirana pamodzi (yotchedwa mabatani) musanasungunuke mugalasi.
Kupangana
Kachitidwe
Kusungunuka
Banki ikakonzedwa, imadyetsedwa mu ng'anjo kuti isungunuke. Ng'ombe imatha kutentha ndi magetsi, mafuta oyambira, kapena kuphatikiza kwa awiriwo. Kutentha kuyenera kulamulidwa moyenera kuti mukhalebe osalala, osunthika agalasi. Galasi losungunula liyenera kusungidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri (pafupifupi 2500 ° C] kuposa mtundu wina wagalasi kuti apangidwe. Magalasi atakhala osungunuka, amasamutsidwa ku chipangizo chopanga kudzera pa njira (patsogolo pawokha) yomwe ili kumapeto kwa ng'anjo.
Kupanga ulusi
Njira zingapo zosiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ulusi, kutengera mtundu wa fiber. Mafuta opangidwa bwino amatha kupangidwa kuchokera pagalasi losungunuka mwachindunji kuchokera ku ng'anjo, kapena galasi losungunula limatha kudyetsedwa koyamba pamakina omwe amapanga matalala agalasi pafupifupi 0.6 cm). Marbles awa amalola galasi kuti lisamiriridwe mowoneka kuti sisiyidwe. Mu kusungunuka mwachindunji ndi kusungunuka kwa mabowo, galasi kapena malalanje agalasi amadyetsedwa m'malire otenthetsera (omwe amatchedwa spinneretts). Bushing imapangidwa ndi platinamu kapena zitsulo, pafupi ndi ma ofesi 200 mpaka 3,000. Galasi losungunula limadutsa ma orifice ndipo amatuluka ngati mafilimu abwino.
Njira Yopitilira-Finament
Chitsamba cha nthawi yayitali, chopitilira chimatha kupangidwa kudzera munthawi yopitilira. Magalasi atatha kudutsa mabowo mu burashing, zingwe zingapo zimagwidwa pamtunda wothamanga kwambiri. Wozungulira amazungulira pafupifupi makilomita atatu, mwachangu kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa kuyenda kuchokera ku Bush. Misandu imatulutsa ma filimuyi ataberekabe, kupanga kumangiriza kachigawo kakang'ono ka mainchesi mu bushing. Makina obaka mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimathandiza kuti bideyo isadutse nthawi ina. Kenako yomenyera imavulala machubu. Itha kuphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa ndi ulusi.
NJIRA ZOPHUNZITSA
Njira ina ndi njira ya staplefiber. Monga galasi losungunula limayenda kudutsa bushings, ndege za mpweya zimazizira kwambiri mafinya. Kuphulika kwa mpweya kumaphwanyanso mafilimuwo kutalika kwa 8-15 mainchesi (20-38 cm). Izi zimagwera opaka mafuta ku CRARY, komwe amapanga intaneti yopyapyala. Masamba amachokera ku Drumponde ndikukokera kumbali yopitilira muyeso yolumikizidwa. Chingwe ichi chitha kukonzedwa mu ulusi ndi njira zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati thonje ndi thonje.
CHIKWANGWANI
M'malo mopangidwa mu ulusi, chingwe chopitilira kapena kutalika chimatha kukhala chochepa. Chingwecho chimayikidwa pampando wa mabobin, chotchedwa mpata, ndikukoka kudzera mu makina omwe amazungulira zidutswa zazifupi. Wosankhidwayo amapangidwa kuti azigwirizana. Atachiritsa mu uvuni, mat amakulungidwa. Zolemera zosiyanasiyana ndi zokumba zimapereka zogulitsa, zodetsa, kapena zokongoletsera.
Magalasi agalasi
Njira yosinthira kapena spinner imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ubweya wagalasi. Munjira iyi, galasi losungunula kuchokera ku ng'anjo imatuluka mu cylindrical chidebe chokhala ndi mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Monga chidebe cha spins mwachangu, mitsinje yopingasa yagalasi imatuluka m'mabowo. Mitsinje yosungunuka imasinthidwa kukhala ulusi wotsika ndi mpweya wotsika, mpweya wotentha, kapena zonse ziwiri. Ma fiber amagwera pa lamba wonyamula, komwe amathandizirana wina ndi mnzake kuti athawire. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pakuchiritsa, kapena ubweyazi zitha kuthiridwa ndi binder, kuphatikizidwa kukhala makulidwe, ndikuchiritsidwa mu uvuni. Kutentha kumayambitsa binder, ndipo zotsatira zake zitha kukhala zolimba kapena zokhazikika, kapena batti yosinthika.
Zoteteza
Kuphatikiza pa ma bingars, zokutira zina zimafunikira zinthu za fiberglass. Mafuta amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa chiberekero chaphiri ndipo mwina amathiridwa mwachindunji ndi fiber kapena kuwonjezera mu binder. Makina otsutsa-pachimake nthawi zina amathiridwanso pansi pazinthu zotchinga zitsulo panthawi yozizira. Kuzizira mpweya kumatuluka mumphatso kumapangitsa kuti anti-Static Wothandizira kuti alowe kukula kwathunthu kwa mphasa. Wothandizira wotsutsa amakhala ndi zosakaniza ziwiri zomwe zimachepetsa m'badwo wa magetsi, komanso chiwonetsero chilichonse chogwirizira. zigawo zambiri (mafuta, mangani, kapena othandizira). Othandizira omwe amaphatikizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbikitsa mapulatisti, kuti mulimbikitse mgwirizanowo ku zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Kuti muthandizire pulasitiki, kukula kwake kumatha kuchotsedwa ndi kutentha kapena mankhwala ndi wothandizira wophatikizira. Pazokongoletsera zokongoletsera, nsalu zizikhala kutentha kuzizira kuti zichotse chitsamba ndikuyika zoluka. Mawonekedwe a utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanamwalire kapena kusindikiza.
Kupanga mawonekedwe
Zinthu zam'madzi zimabwera m'mitundu yambiri, yopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, chitoliro cha fiberglass chimatulutsa mafomu onga rod okhala ndi ma bandres molunjika ku mayunitsi opanga, musanalandire. Mitundu ya nkhunge, kutalika kwa mamita 91 kapena kuchepera, amachiritsidwa mu uvuni. Kutalika kwa chithokomiro kumatha kutalika, ndikuwawona mu miyeso yomwe yatchulidwa. Maonekedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati pakufunika, ndipo malonda amayatsidwa kuti atumizidwe.
Kuwongolera kwapadera
Mukamapanga chisudzo cha fiberglass, zinthu zimasungidwa m'malo angapo pakukhazikika. Malo awa ali ndi izi: Batch yosakaniza inkadyetsedwa ku magetsi; Galasi losungunula kuchokera ku bushing yomwe imadyetsa ma bideza; Fidini yamagalasi imatuluka mu makina a firizeri; Ndipo chomaliza chomaliza chovuta kuchokera kumapeto kwa mzere wopanga. Magalasi ambiri ndi zitsanzo za fiber zimasanthula kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndipo kupezeka kwa zolakwika kumagwiritsa ntchito makina owunikira ndi ma microscopes. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono ta batch imapezeka popereka zinthuzo kudzera mwa zisoni zingapo zosiyanasiyana. Chogulitsa chomaliza chimayesedwa kuti cha makulidwe mutatha kuyika malinga ndi mawonekedwe. Kusintha kwa makulidwe kumawonetsa kuti galasi lili pansi pa muyezo.
Opanga ma fiberglass amagwiritsanso ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeserera kuti muyenere, amasintha, ndikutha kukhathamiritsa mankhwala ogwiritsira ntchito, zotupa zomveka, komanso zotchinga bwino. Zovuta za acaustical zimatha kulamulidwa ndikusintha zosintha ngati ulusi monga fiberi, kachulukidwe kambiri, makulidwe, ndi mawonekedwe. Njira yofananira imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera katundu wamafuta.
Mtsogolo
Makampani opanga chiberekero amakumana ndi zovuta zina pa 1990s ndi kupitirira. Chiwerengero cha opanga za fiberglass chimakula chifukwa cha zopereka zaku America zamakampani akunja ndi kusintha kwa zopanga zopanga ndi opanga zopanga. Izi zadzetsa mphamvu zowonjezera, zomwe msika wapano komanso mwina sungathe kukhala nawo.
Kuphatikiza pa kuthekera kopitilira muyeso, zida zina zotuwa zimapikisana. Nthaka zaubweya wagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kusintha kwaposachedwa komanso kusintha kwa praf. Chiwindo chikukutira ndi njira inanso ina kwa fiberglass pamakoma okhala ndi madenga. Zinthu zina zopikisana ndi cellulose, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pachimake.
Chifukwa chofuna kutsitsa chifukwa cha kubala chifukwa cha nyumba yofewa, ogula akufuna mitengo yotsika. Kufunika kumeneku kumachitikanso chifukwa cha zomwe zikupitiliza kufalikira kwa ogulitsa ndi makontrakitala. Poyankha, makampani otchinga a hefaphgla afunika kupitiliza kudula mtengo m'magawo awiri: mphamvu ndi malo. Ndondomeko zothandiza kwambiri zizigwiritsidwa ntchito sizikudalira mphamvu imodzi yokha.
Ndi malo okhala ndi matope omwe akukwera kwambiri, opanga za fiberglass ayenera kukwaniritsa pafupifupi zero pazinthu zokhazikika popanda mtengo. Izi zikufunikira kukonza njira zopangira zinyalala (za zinyalala zamadzimadzi komanso zowononga kulikonse komwe kungatheke.
Zinyalala zoterezi zingafune kubwezeretsa komanso kukumbukira musanayambe kupanga zosaphika. Opanga angapo akutha kale nkhani izi.
Post Nthawi: Jun-11-2021