Yuav ua li cas fiberglass tau ua?

Cov iav fiberglass hais txog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom ua los ntawm cov iav iav cov fibers ua ke ua ntau hom ntawv. Cov iav fibers tuaj yeem faib ua ob pawg loj raws li lawv cov duab geometry: thiab tsis tu ncua (luv luv) cov pam vov, lossis cov laug cam rau rwb thaiv tsev thiab pom kev. Fiberglass tuaj yeem tsim rau hauv xov paj ntau li ntaub plaub lossis paj rwb, thiab woven rau cov ntaub uas qee zaum siv rau cov draperies. Fiberglass textiles muaj cov siv ua ke ua cov khoom siv txhawb rau kev moulded thiab laminated plastics. Cov ntaub plaub fiberglass, fluffy cov khoom ua los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib xws, yog siv rau kev ua haujlwm thermal thiab kev nqus lub suab. Nws yog feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv nkoj thiab submarine bulkheads thiab hulls; Cov cav cav cov cav txheem thiab lub cev vaj huam sib luag pob tw; nyob rau hauv rhuab furnaces thiab cua txias chav nyob; Acoustical phab ntsa thiab qab nthab Panels; thiab cov kws kos duab. Cov fiberglass tuaj yeem ua kom haum rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb xws li hom E (hluav taws xob), siv los ntawm hluav taws xob cov kab xev, textiles thiab kev ua haujlwm; Hom C (Tshuaj lom neeg), uas muaj acidor acid tsis kam, thiab ntaus t, rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev.

Txawm hais tias kev lag luam siv ntawm cov iav fiber yog cov tsis ntev los no, istisans tsim iav strands rau kev kho kom zoo nkauj goblets thiab vases thaum lub sijhawm renaissance. Tus kws kho mob frenchist, Rene-Anoine Ferchaault tsib reagtures weaver tau luam tawm lub freat hauv 1842, thiab lwm tus neeg tsim khoom, edward libbey, nthuav qhia ib Hnav khaub ncaws woven ntawm iav ntawm 1893 columbian kev txhais hauv Chicago.

Iav cov plaub loj, cov nplaim hluavtaws ntawm cov khoom siv ntev hauv tebchaws Europe, tau siv cov txheej txheem uas koom nrog kev kos duab los ntawm rods horizontally mus rau lub nruas revolving. Ob peb xyoo tom qab, ib qho txheej txheem spinning tau tsim thiab patented. Cov khoom siv iav fiber ntau yog tsim hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thaum lub tuam txhab kev lag luam loj, ntawm cov tuam txhab iav Illinois thiab Corning iav Ua haujlwm. Cov tuam txhab no tau tsim cov tuam txhab zoo, pliable, tsawg tus nqi iav fiber los ntawm cov iav moltencen moltencing heev. Xyoo 1938, ob lub tuam txhab sib xyaw ua ke los ua owens-corning-corning-corning-corning, nws tau dhau los ua tus thawj coj ntawm lub xyoo, thiab yog tus thawj coj hauv lub lag luam fiberglass.

Cov Khoom Siv Raw

Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb raw rau cov khoom fiberglass yog ntau yam zaub mov ntuj thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. Cov khoom xyaw loj yog silica xuab zeb, limestone, thiab dej qab zib tshauv. Lwm cov khoom xyaw yuav suav nrog alumina, borax, feldspar, siab hlob syrite, magnesite, thiab kaolin av nplaum, thiab lwm yam. Silica xuab zeb yog siv los ua cov iav yav tas los, thiab dej qab zib tshauv thiab limestone pab feem ntau txo qis melting kub. Lwm cov khoom xyaw raug siv los txhim kho qee yam khoom, xws li borax rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg. Khib iav, tseem hu ua Cullet, tseem siv los ua cov khoom siv raw. Cov ntaub ntawv raw yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv kom meej thiab meej ua ke (hu ua batching) ua ntej tau melted rau hauv iav.

Kev tsim khoom
Kev ua

Melting

Thaum lub batch yog npaj, nws yog pub rau hauv lub cub tawg rau melting. Lub cub hluav taws xob yuav ua kom sov los ntawm hluav taws xob, cov roj pob txha, lossis ua ke ntawm ob. Qhov kub yuav tsum tau qhia meej kom tswj tau tus du, khov kho ntawm iav. Lub iav molten yuav tsum muab khaws cia ntawm qhov kub siab dua (txog 2500 ° F [1371 ° C]) dua li lwm hom iav txhawm rau kom tsim tau fiber. Thaum lub khob ua molten, nws tau pauv mus rau cov khoom siv los ntawm cov channel (saib xyuas qhov kawg ntawm lub cub tawg.

Tsim rau hauv fibers

Muaj ntau cov txheej txheem sib txawv yog siv los ua cov fibers, nyob ntawm seb hom fiber ntau. Textile cov fibers yuav tsim los ntawm cov iav molten ncaj qha los ntawm cov cua sov ua ntej rau ntawm lub tshuab uas yog lub ntsej muag iav ntawm 0.62 nti (1.6 cm) hauv lub taub. Cov moj bis cia cov iav kom kuaj pom kev pom kev zoo rau impurities. Hauv ob qho tib si ntawm cov txheej txheem zoo nkauj thiab cov duab zoo nkauj, cov iav lossis cov iav ntoo yog pub los ntawm hluav taws xob rhaub (tseem hu ua cov spinnerets). Lub bushing yog ua los ntawm platinum lossis hlau alloy, nrog rau txhua qhov chaw ntawm 200 txog 3,000 zoo heev orifices. Lub iav molten dhau los ntawm cov orifices thiab tawm los ua cov khoom zoo.

Cov txheej txheem-ficament

Lub sijhawm ntev, cov fiber ntau tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv-fictament. Tom qab lub khob ntws los ntawm lub qhov nyob rau hauv lub bushing, ntau cov strands tau ntes rau ntawm kev kub ceev. Lub Winder revolves ntawm txog 2 mais (3 km) ib feeb, ntau nrawm dua li tus nqi ntawm kev ntws los ntawm bushings. Qhov nro rub tawm cov filaments thaum tseem molten, tsim strands ib feem ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm kev qhib hauv lub bushing. Ib phau tshuaj lom neeg yog siv, uas pab kom cov fiber los ntawm kev tawg thaum ua tom qab. Cov ntsiab lus no yog li ntawd lub qhov txhab mus rau ntawm txoj hlab. Nws tuaj yeem tam sim no tau twisted thiab plied rau hauv xov paj.

Staple-Fiber txheej txheem

Txoj kev hloov lwm txoj hauv kev yog cov txheej txheem stapfactiber. Raws li lub khob molten ntws los ntawm bushings, dav hlau ntawm huab cua sai sai cov filaments. Cov tawg tawg ntawm cov cua kuj tsoo cov filaments rau hauv qhov ntev ntawm 8-15 nti (20-38 cm). Cov filaments no poob los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag cov roj nplua nyeem rau hauv lub nruas, uas lawv ua lub vev xaib nyias nyias. Lub vev xaib yog kos los ntawm lub nruas thiab rub mus rau hauv txoj kev txuas ntxiv mus ntawm loosely sib sau ua ke. Cov hlua no tuaj yeem ua tiav rau hauv xov paj los ntawm tib cov txheej txheem siv rau ntaub plaub thiab paj rwb.

Tws fiber ntau

Hloov chaw ua kom haum rau hauv xov paj, txuas ntxiv mus lossis ntev-staple ntau yuav txig rau hauv ntev ntev. Lub strand yog mounted ntawm ib pawg bobbins, hu ua ib lub siab tawv, thiab rub los ntawm lub tshuab uas chops nws rau hauv daim luv. Qhov txhoov fiber ntau yog tsim rau hauv mats rau uas ib phau ntawv ntxiv. Tom qab kho tau rau hauv qhov cub, daim lev yog dov. Ntau yam hnyav thiab thicknesses muab cov khoom rau shingles, ua rasing vov, lossis zoo nkauj mats.

Iav Tsiaj

Cov txheej txheem qeeb lossis cov txheej txheem spinner yog siv los ua lub khob plaub. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, khob iav los ntawm cov cua sov kom ntws mus rau hauv cov thawv cylindrical muaj cov qhov me me. Raws li lub thawv spins sai sai, cov kab rov tav ntws ntawm iav ntws tawm ntawm lub qhov. Cov iav ntws ntws molten tau hloov mus rau hauv cov fibers los ntawm ib tug downward blast ntawm huab cua, roj av kub, lossis ob qho tib si. Cov fibers poob rau kev siv conveyor, uas lawv inflace nrog txhua lwm yam hauv fleecy loj. Qhov no tuaj yeem siv rau rwb thaiv tsev rwb thaiv tsev, lossis cov ntaub plaub tuaj yeem txau nrog cov binder, compressed rau hauv qhov xav tau tuab, thiab kho hauv qhov cub. Cov cua sov teeb tsa cov phau ntawv, thiab cov khoom lag luam tshwm sim tuaj yeem yog cov bigid lossis semi-rigid board, lossis ib qho yooj yim batt.

Cov Khaub Ncaws Tiv Thaiv

Ntxiv nrog rau cov kev khi, lwm cov txheej txheej yuav tsum muaj rau cov khoom lag luam fiberglass. Lubricants yog siv los txo cov tshuaj muaj fiber ntau thiab yog ib qho tau tawg ncaj qha rau hauv cov fiber ntau lossis ntxiv rau hauv phau ntawv. Kev tawm tsam zoo nkauj heev kuj tseem qee zaum tau txau mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev fiberglass thaum lub sij hawm txias. Cua txias huab cua los ntawm daim lev ua rau cov neeg sawv cev anti-zoo nkauj los nkag rau tag nrho cov tuab ntawm daim lev. Cov neeg sawv cev qub txeeg qub teg muaj ob cov khoom xyaw-cov khoom siv uas txo cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo thiab cov khoom siv uas muaj hluav taws xob zoo li qub, thiab muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub, thiab yuav muaj ib lossis Ntau lub Cheebtsam (cov roj nplua nyeem, lossis cov neeg sawv cev sib txuas). Coupling cov neeg sawv cev yog siv rau cov strands uas yuav siv rau kev cog lus plastics, kom ntxiv dag zog rau cov khoom lag luam uas ua tiav kom tshem tawm cov txheej txheem no, lossis ntxiv rau lwm txheej. Rau kev txhawb nqa yas, sizings yuav raug muab tshem tawm nrog tshav kub lossis tshuaj lom neeg thiab ib copling tus neeg sawv cev thov. Rau cov ntawv thov dai, cov ntaub yuav tsum yog cov cua sov kom tshem cov siding thiab teeb lub weave. Zas xim tso ua ntej tau thov ua ntej kev tuag lossis luam ntawv.

Sib sau ua cov duab

Cov khoom fiberglass khoom tuaj nyob rau hauv ntau cov duab, ua rau siv ntau yam txheej txheem. Piv txwv li, cov rwb fiberglass hluav taws xob yog qhov txhab mus rau cov ntawv uas hu ua manrels ncaj qha los ntawm kev tsim cov chav nyob, ua ntej kho. Cov ntawv pwm, hauv qhov ntev ntawm 3 taw (91 cm) lossis tsawg dua, tom qab ntawd kho tau hauv qhov cub. Tus kho tau ntev yog tom qab ntawd de-moulded lengthwise, thiab sawn mus rau hauv cov kev ua tau ntev. Cov no yog siv yog tias xav tau, thiab cov khoom lag luam tau ntim rau cov zaub mov xa tuaj.

Kev Tswj Xyuas Zoo

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov tshuaj fiberglass rwb thaiv tsev, cov khoom yog qhov piv txwv ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv cov txheej txheem los tswj kom zoo. Cov chaw no suav nrog: cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke pub rau lub hluav taws xob melter; molten khob los ntawm bushing uas txau lub fiber ntau; Iav fiber ntau los tawm ntawm lub tshuab ntxhua khaub ncaws khov kho; Thiab cov khoom zoo kawg zaum kawg los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab ntau lawm. Lub iav iav thiab cov tshuaj fiber ntau yog tshuaj xyuas rau cov tshuaj muaj kuab lom thiab muaj cov phom sij thiab microscornated kev ntsuas thiab me me. Particle loj muab faib rau ntawm cov khoom siv batch tau txais los ntawm kev dhau cov khoom siv los ntawm ntau cov siev siized. Cov khoom kawg yog ntsuas rau thickness tom qab ntim raws li cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Kev hloov pauv hauv thickness qhia tau tias iav zoo yog hauv qab tus qauv.

Fiberglass rwb thaiv tsev cov chaw tsim khoom kuj siv ntau yam txheej txheem ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas, kho cov khoom lag luam acoustical, thiab lub suab nqus cov kev ua tau zoo, thiab lub suab. Cov acoustic cov khoom tuaj yeem tswj hwm los ntawm kev kho cov hloov ntau yam kom haum raws li qhov sib txawv uas cov cheeb, tuab, thiab cov ntsiab lus tuab thiab cov ntsiab lus tuab. Ib txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws yog siv los tswj cov khoom thermal.

Lub neej yav tom ntej

Cov fiberglass kev lag luam ntsib qee qhov kev sib tw loj tshaj tus so ntawm xyoo 1990 thiab dhau mus. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm fiberglass raging tau nce ntxiv vim yog Asmeskas cov tuam txhab cov tuam txhab txawv teb chaws thiab kev txhim kho hauv cov khoom lag luam los ntawm peb cov tuam ntxhab. Qhov no tau ua rau muaj peev xwm tshaj, uas cov tam sim no thiab tej zaum tom ntej kev ua lag luam tsis tau.

Ntxiv rau cov peev txheej ntau dhau, lwm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev yuav sib tw. Pob zeb Tsiaj tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem tsis ntev los no thiab kev txhim kho cov khoom. Cov rwb thaiv tsev ua npuas ncauj yog lwm txoj lwm txoj kev rau fiberglass hauv cov phab ntsa thiab cov vov tsheb ua lag luam. Lwm cov khoom siv sib tw yog cellulose, uas yog siv hauv nthab rwb thaiv tsev.

Vim tias qhov kev thov tsawg rau rwb thaiv tsev vim yog lub tsev muag khoom lag luam, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tau txais tus nqi qis. Qhov kev thov no kuj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev txuas ntxiv mus hauv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov khw muag khoom thiab cov lag luam. Hauv kev teb, cov fiberglass rwb thaiv tsev kev lag luam yuav tau txuas ntxiv txiav cov nqi hauv ob qhov chaw loj: lub zog thiab ib puag ncig. Ntau cov chaw ua kom sov ntau yuav tau siv uas tsis cia siab rau tsuas yog ib qho ntawm lub zog xwb.

Nrog cov av pov tseg nce mus txog qhov muaj peev xwm tshaj plaws, cov tuam ntxhab fiberglass yuav tau kom tau txais ze li xoom tawm ntawm cov khib nyiab tsis muaj kev nce nqi. Qhov no yuav xav tau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem txhim kho kom muaj kev txhim kho pov tseg (rau cov kua thiab roj pov rau qhov twg ua tau.

Cov khib nyiab xws li yuav xav tau kev rov ua dua tshiab thiab rov ua dua ua ntej siv cov khoom siv raw. Ob peb cov tuam ntxhab twb hais txog cov teeb meem no.