Yadda ake yin fiberglass?

Fiberglass yana nufin rukuni na samfuran da aka yi daga 'yan gudun hijirar na mutum waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin nau'ikan sifofin da yawa. Za'a iya raba zartar da gilashin zuwa rukuni biyu gwargwadon iliminsu: FIVERSIOS Amfani da 'yan bindiga, bargo, ko allon don rufin da filmration. Fiberglass za a iya kafa shi cikin yarn da yawa ko auduga, kuma saka cikin masana'anta wanda wani lokacin ake amfani da shi don dramacties. Ana amfani da kayan rubutu na Feriglass a matsayin kayan ƙarfafa don murabawar da aka gyara da kuma hanyoyin da aka yi. Fiberglass ulu, lokacin farin ciki, kayan masarufi da aka yi daga hanzarin zaruruwa, ana amfani dashi don rufin zafi da ɗaukar hoto. Ana yawanci ana samun shi a cikin jirgin ruwa da mulkheads da birkaye da ciyawa; Kayan aikin injin motoci da kuma jerin gwanon jiki; A cikin raka'a ta tarkace da kuma jirgin sama. bangon Acoustic da kuma rufin gida; da kuma bangare na gine-ginen. Fiberglass za a iya dacewa don takamaiman aikace-aikace kamar nau'in e (lantarki), ana amfani da shi azaman tef ɗin rufin wutar lantarki, ɗakewa da ƙarfafa; Rubuta c (sunadarai), wanda ke da juriya na acid, da kuma rubuta T, don rufin zafi.

Kodayake kasuwanci amfani da fiber fiber ba kwanan nan ba, masana zane da aka kirkira, gilashin da aka yiwa gorbors a cikin manyan maganganu. Wani masanin ilimin lissafi na Faransa, sake gina Ferchular, wanda aka yi wa dan otheriles da aka yi wa kwastomomi a cikin 1842, da kuma Eurdu na Burtaniya, da kuma Edward Libbedor, ya nuna a Dress na Gilashin a 1893 Columbian Bayani a Chicago.

Gilashin ulu, taro na katsewar da aka katange na fiber na bazuwar, an fara samarwa a cikin Turai a cikin sandunan da ke kwance a sararin samaniya a sararin samaniya. Da yawa shekarun da suka gabata, an bunkasa wani tsari mai tsintsiya kuma an mallaka. An kirkiro kayan Fiber na Gilashin a Jamus yayin Yaƙin Duniya na I na na IS Yana aiki. Waɗannan kamfanonin sun haɗu da file mai kyau, wanda ke fifita file gilashi ta hanyar zana gilashin molten ta hanyar lafiya sosai. A shekara ta 1938, wadannan kamfanoni biyu sun hade don samar da Corpras Corp. Yanzu da aka fi sanin kamfanin baya, kuma ya zama jagora dala biliyan 3, kuma shugaba ne a kasuwar taberglass.

Kayan kayan abinci

Kayan kayan abinci na kayan kwalliya na samfuran fiberglass sune yawancin ma'adanai da yawa da masana'antun sunadarai. Manyan sinadaran silsients silica silica, farar fata, da soda ash. Sauran abubuwan sinadarai na iya haɗawa da Calanined Alumina, Borax, Felds, da Kaolin yumɓu, a tsakanin wasu. Ana amfani da yashi a cikin gilashin silica kamar gilashin da aka sa a ash da kuma farar fata a farko don rage yawan zafin jiki na narkewar. Ana amfani da sauran kayan abinci don inganta wasu kaddarorin, kamar borax don juriya sunadarai. Gilashin bataan furanni, wanda kuma ake kira cullet, ana amfani da shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Dole ne a auna kayan abinci a hankali a daidai hade tare da gauraye sosai tare (da ake kira tsari) kafin a narke cikin gilashi.

Masana'antu
Shiga jerin gwano

Narkewa

Da zarar an shirya shi an shirya shi, ana ciyar da shi cikin wutar murfi na narkewa. Za a iya samun wutar wutar lantarki ta wutar lantarki, ko haɗuwa ta biyu. Za'a iya sarrafa zazzabi daidai don kula da santsi, mai gudana na gilashi. Dole ne a kiyaye gilashin cikin gyaran a cikin zafin jiki mafi girma (kimanin 2500 ° F [1371 ° C]) fiye da sauran nau'ikan gilashi domin a kafa cikin fiber. Da zarar gilashin ya zama moltten, an canza shi zuwa kayan aikin forming ta hanyar tashoshi (gaba) wanda ke ƙarshen wutar.

Samar da cikin fibrers

Ana amfani da matakai daban-daban don samar da zaruruwa dangane da nau'in fiber. Za a iya ƙirƙirar fiburer daga gilashin grten kai tsaye daga wutar, ko gilashin Molten na farko ana ciyar da shi da injin cewa siffofin gilashi na game da 0.62 inch (1.6 cm) a diamita. Wadannan dabbobi suna ba da damar gilashin da za a iya bincika ta gani don impurities. A cikin duka narke na tsaye da marmara tsari tsari, gilashin ko marassa ruwa ana kiwon ruwa ta hanyar ruwa mai zafi (wanda kuma ake kira spinnerets). Ana yin sakin ciki ko ƙarfe na ƙarfe, tare da ko'ina daga 200 zuwa 3,000 mai kyau sosai orififices. Gilashin Molten yana wucewa ta hanyar orififices kuma suna fitowa a kan ingantaccen filments.

Tsarin-finafinci

Za'a iya samar da mafi, ci gaba da fiber za a iya samar da shi ta ci gaba da ci gaba. Bayan gilashin yana gudana ta hanyar ramuka a cikin bas, da yawa strands suna kama da babban iska mai sauri. Winder ta juya a kimanin mil 2 (3 km) minti daya, da sauri sauri fiye da na kwarara daga busassun. Tashin hankali yana jan filayen yayin da har yanzu tsummoki, forming strian strands strack na diamita na buɗewa a cikin sinadarin. Ana amfani da mai ba da sinadarai, wanda ke taimakawa kiyaye fiber daga watsewa yayin aiki. Filin yana rauni a kan tubes. Za'a iya juya ya juya ya wulmi yarn.

Matsakaicin fiber

Hanyar madadin ita ce tsarin tsintsiya. Kamar gilashin busen yana gudana ta cikin daji, jiragen sama na iska cikin hanzari suna sanyi sanyi. Abubuwan da ke tururuwa na iska ma karya filayen zuwa tsawon inci 8-15 (20-38 cm). Wadannan filamaski sun faɗi cikin maginin mai tsami a kan dutsen da aka soke, inda suke samar da gidan yanar gizo na bakin ciki. Ana zana gidan yanar gizon daga dutsen kuma an cire shi cikin ci gaba da strand na strand na scand na sashen garkuwa. Za'a iya sarrafa wannan sirrin zuwa yarn ta hanyar wannan tafiyar da aka yi amfani da shi don ulu da auduga.

Yankakken fiber

Madadin kasancewa cikin yarn, ci gaba ko ci gaba mai tsauri na iya yankan a cikin gajeren tsawo. Aljani ya hau kan saiti na Bobns, wanda ake kira Creel, kuma an ja shi ta hanyar injin da suke sanya shi a cikin gajeren wando. An kafa fiber da aka yankewa zuwa daidai da wanda aka kara a ba. Bayan ciring a cikin tanda, an birgima mat din. Abubuwa da yawa da kuma kauri suna ba samfuran don shinge, rufin da aka gina, ko matasan ado.

Gilashin ulu

Ana amfani da yanayin jujjuyawar ko spinner don yin ulu mai gilashi. A cikin wannan tsari, gilashin murƙushewa daga wutar tanderu yana gudana zuwa cikin akwati na silili yana da ƙananan ramuka. Kamar yadda akwati Spins cikin sauri, kwance koguna na gilashin kwarara daga ramuka. An canza kogunan gilashin cikin gulla cikin fibers ta hanyar ruwan sama mai zafi, mai zafi, ko duka biyun. Fibers sun fada a bel mai karaya, inda suka yi kira tare da juna a cikin taro mai gudu. Ana iya amfani da wannan don rufi, ko ulu za a iya fesa tare da m, wanda aka matsa a cikin da ake so kauri, kuma warke a cikin tanda. Heat yana kafa m goge, kuma samfurin mai haifar yana iya zama tsayayyen jirgi mai tsayayye ko semi-rigid, ko kuma sassauya mai sassauƙa.

Kayan kwalliya

Baya ga daular, sauran mayuka ana buƙatar samfuran fiberglass. Ana amfani da madricts don rage fiber Abarya kuma ana fesa kai tsaye a cikin fiber ko kara a cikin sanyaye. An kuma fesa kayan anti-static da wani lokacin a saman farfajiya na Ferberglass Matsayin Matsayi a cikin Mataki mai sanyaya. Air sanyaya iska da aka zana ta hanyar da ke haifar da wakilin anti-mai tsinkaye don shiga duk kauri daga cikin mat. Wakilin anti-Static ya ƙunshi sinadaran abinci guda biyu - kayan da suka rage yawan wutar lantarki, kuma kayan da ke aiki a matsayin wata hanyar lalata, kuma na iya ƙunsar ɗaya ko Feedarin abubuwan haɗin (lickricants, masu ɗaure, ko jami'an miji). Ana amfani da wasu wakilai masu hadawa akan strands waɗanda za a yi amfani da su don karfafa robobi, ana buƙatar yin haɗin gwiwa don cire waɗannan sutura, ko kuma don ƙara wani rufin. Don ƙarfafawa na filastik, za a iya cire siztings tare da zafi ko sinadarai da wakili mai amfani da aka yi amfani da shi. Don aikace-aikacen kayan ado, masana'anta dole ne zafi da aka bi don cire masu kyau da kuma saita saƙa. Ana amfani da mayafin katako kafin mutu ko bugawa.

Yin tsari cikin siffofi

Abubuwan Fiberass suna zuwa cikin siffofi da yawa daban-daban, an yi ta amfani da dama. Misali, rufin FiberGlass PIPIP ne rauni a kan siffofin sanda-soms da ake kira Mandrels kai tsaye daga raka'a forming, kafin cirewa. Kayayyakin ƙira, a tsawon ƙafa 3 (91 cm) ko ƙasa da haka, sannan a warke a cikin tanda. Tsawon lokacin da aka warke ana share shi tsaye, kuma sawn cikin ƙayyadaddun girma. Ana amfani da face idan an buƙata, kuma an tattara samfurin don jigilar kaya.

Iko mai inganci

A lokacin samar da rufin Fiberglass, abu ana samfuransu a wurare da yawa a cikin aikin don kula da inganci. Waɗannan wurare sun haɗa da: Ana haɗa tsari mai gauraya ga Melter ɗin lantarki; Gilashin Molten daga mai cinyewa wanda ke ciyar da fiber; Fiber Fur Gilashin fitowa daga cikin na'urar Fiberil; Kuma samfurin da aka samu na ƙarshe da ke fitowa daga ƙarshen layin samarwa. Ana bincika kayan gilashi da samfuran fiber don abubuwan da ke cikin sunadarai da gaban aibi na amfani da masu bincike na sinadarai da kuma microscopes. An samo rarraba girman barbashi ta hanyar wucewa ta hanyar wucewa da kayan ta hanyar sieve daban-daban na iri. Ana auna samfurin ƙarshe don kauri bayan daukewa gwargwadon bayanai. Canji cikin kauri yana nuna cewa ingancin gilashin yana ƙasa da matsayin.

Masu samar da Fiberglass Manyan masana'antu suna amfani da tsarin gwajin tsarin don auna, daidaita, da inganta kayan juriya na sauti, aikin sauti. Za'a iya sarrafa kadarorin Acoustical ta hanyar daidaita irin waɗannan masu canjin samar da diamie a matsayin diamiber na zare na zare, ƙwaya, kauri, da kayan abinci mai kauri. Ana amfani da irin wannan tsarin don sarrafa kaddarorin da yake.

Nan gaba

Masana'antar Feriglass sun fuskanci wasu manyan kalubale a kan sauran 1990s da bayan. Yawan masu samar da masu samar da fiberglass ya karu saboda harkokin samar da kamfanonin kasashen waje da cigaba a masana'antun Amurka. Wannan ya haifar da karfin karfi, wanda a halin yanzu kuma watakila kasuwa zata iya kawo iyaka.

Baya ga wuce haddi, sauran abubuwan rufewa zasu fafata. Rock ulu ya zama ana amfani dashi saboda tsari na kwanan nan da haɓaka samfuri. Inshage kumfa wani madadin ne zuwa fiberglass a cikin bangon mazaunin mazaunin zama da rufin kasuwanci. Wani abu mai goyon baya shine selulose, wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin rufin marufi.

Saboda ƙarancin buƙatun don rufin saboda kasuwar gidaje mai taushi, masu sayen suna buƙatar ƙananan farashin. Wannan buƙata ma sakamakon ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da karɓar dillalai da kwangila. A mayar da martani, masana'antar rufin zaren za ta ci gaba da yanke farashi a cikin manyan bangarori biyu: makamashi da muhalli. Ingantaccen isasshen gira dole ne a yi amfani da cewa kar a dogara da tushen da makamashi.

Tare da filayen filaye suna kaiwa mafi girman ƙarfin, masana'antun Ferglass za su cimma kusan kayan sifili bisa ƙazanta. Wannan zai buƙaci inganta hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki don rage sharar gida (don ruwa da sharar gas kamar yadda zai yiwu.

Irin wannan sharar na iya buƙatar zargi da tunatar da kafin a sake yin amfani da albarkatun ƙasa. Yawancin masana'antun sun riga sun magance waɗannan batutuwan.